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Experiences with Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS)

Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) are the NHS services that assess and treat young people with behavioural, emotional or mental health difficulties. In many parts of the country, CAMHS is undergoing significant changes to their services, which means that parents and young peoples' experiences might change over time. CAMHS plays a role in referring young people to the Gender Identity Development Service (GIDS).
In our interviews, parents spoke about their own experiences and their trans or gender diverse children's experiences with CAMHS. Some of the things they highlighted included:
  • Experiences with CAMHS;
  • CAMHS' approach to trans and gender diverse young people; and
  • Lack of capacity in CAMHS.

Experiences with CAMHS

Josie talks about her daughter’s good and bad experiences of seeing CAMHS therapists.

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Weve had mixed experiences with CAMHS. We had let’s see, the consultant, would it be a consultant? The psychiatrist anyway at CAMHS who prescribed Fluoxetine for [name of participant’s daughter], cause she was, had a very, very low mood. He was really helpful. And she had two different therapists who she worked with one of those, that didnt work at all. And again, he had more of a kind of let’s sit and talk about all of this. Let’s go over it all. And, and she found that very, very distressing and very, very annoying. But she also then had another therapist who just got the measure of her better. And would do things like [name of participant’s daughter] would bring the dog to the appointment. And they would go for a walk with the dog, in the park and just have a chat. And then the dog would come back in the office and sit on the chair while they finished off. And so she was really, I think the difference was that one of them was a very, I don’t really know how to say, I don’t really know how to say it, like a very sort of psychoanalytical kind of you know, wanting to talk about all these things, whereas the one that worked well was a bit more like a mum, you know, kind of a bit more down to earth, a little bit more practical. And so that, that then worked out really well. But we did find there was a couple of things with CAMHS so I don’t think we ever had a letter from CAMHS that used her correct name or pronouns on it, even after we gave them the Deed Poll several times. They just didnt have anything in place for that. They still had the, they still had you know like the toilets. There was a men’s toilet and a women’s toilet. There was just no need. They were single occupancy cub—do you know what I mean? There was nothing. You could tell that they didnt really, you could tell they didnt really know anything about gender diversity and it was really clear.

In our interviews, parents and carers spoke about good and bad experiences with CAMHS. These were sometimes put down to the different working styles CAMHS' professionals had and how these resonated with their young person. In some instances, parents felt that the support from CAMHS was sometimes inadequate or insufficient. Still, for some young people whose parents we spoke to, CAMHS was an important source of support that at times helped them to explore and make sense of their gender identity. For example, in the case of Ross's child, although it took the CAMHS therapists a while to 'put a finger on it' and identify gender issues, they felt that the referral to GIDS was helpfully made by CAMHS. Some parents, for example Kate, felt that what was available via CAMHS was not enough to ensure her son was sufficiently supported. This made Kate feel like there was nobody other than her 'keeping an eye on him' in what was a stressful period for the family. She also felt that she had to 'keep fighting to get back into a service' to get any support for her son.

Kate said the changes in how her son wanted to present to the world made her and her husband expect his coming out.

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He had really long hair, which everybody would always go, Oh, you’ve got amazing, beautiful, beautiful hair. And he started to just look more and more uncomfortable. So, I was saying, you know, Why don’t you have your hair cut?’ And he was reluctant and so I just, I just left that, but we went on holiday and I didn’t really notice it on holiday, but when we came back and we were looking at photos, he really did just look like he was so uncomfortable, all the time. So, we talked about it some more and a couple of years ago he did have his hair cut and it was, it was so long and so thick that we actually sent it off to one of the charities that make up wigs, cos it was, you know, it was such a big feature of him that, you know, everyone commented all the time. But once he had his hair cut, he kind of seemed lighter. But he also then started dressing a lot differently. So he’s never really been, not since he was tiny he had never really been fem-, particularly feminine. But then he wanted to start shopping in boys’ shops. And that was absolutely fine. And we just went along with that and we found a shop local to us, they never asked any questions. They didn’t mind what changing room he used. And he felt just really comfortable going there. So he hadn’t, before he told us, he hadn’t worn girl’s clothes for a good couple of years. But as he was starting to develop, which he did quite young, unfortunately. He was just more uncomfortable. So, we got into, you know, how he could kind of hide some of that as well. So, I think just the way he presented was really yeah it was really clear that it was gonna come. My husband and I remember probably about a year before he told us. I remember we were out for lunch and we were saying, you know, we just knew, at that point that it was coming. We just didn’t know when it was coming.

Kate feels support from CAMHS has been disappointing and worries her son will have no support whilst on the waiting list to the Gender Identity Development Service.

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It feels CAMHS has felt a bit disappointing, to be honest because the initial treatment that he was offered, the CBT, nothing to do with being trans just to do with self-harm and his suicidal thoughts. We didn’t feel ever gave him the techniques and support. I contacted them and said, you know, I want to be able to help him. His six sessions are coming to an end. Are their techniques, is there something I can learn, something I can do? But really he was just told to do things like, If you are feeling that way, watch the telly. And stuff like that. So, you know, really unhelpful. And we knew from the school that other people had that experience of this particular counsellor. So, nothing personal, she was a really nice lady. But just wasn’t doing what we needed. So, I think that was a poor experience. We then were told, you’re not gonna get any help. And it’s all, you feel this way just because you are trans. But actually the fact that he is trans, he does need support, even if that were all it were. I feel that he does need support, because his life is more complicated. He has the normal teenage stuff. But he has all that on top as well. So that’s been, that’s been disappointing, so far. We have been, once the GP referred us we had another assessment with CAMHS which was again really upsetting. They told him to try mindfulness colouring, which was amazing. didn’t want to see me even though I had made the initial and I was there, I took time off work. I was there with him. And usually they’ll see me with him afterwards. And we had said how it impacts the family and everything. And that was one of our concerns. But they didn’t want to see me. So, we were expecting nothing from that. And we were like, well, we’ll wait and then we’ll complain and da, da, da. But he has been put on the waiting list. So, that’s a positive. But I am, my concern is that he’ll have his six sessions and then while he’s on the waiting list there doesn’t seem to be anything to keep an eye on him, while he’s on that waiting list.

CAMHS' approach to trans and gender diverse young people

From our interviews with parents and carers, CAMHS' professionals approached the issue of a young person being trans or gender diverse in different ways.
A couple of parents felt that too much weight was given to the fact that their child was trans and as a consequence any difficulties they experienced were explained as resulting from their gender identity not of other issues. Both Lesley and Kate felt this was not always a fair or helpful thing to do because it could be 'stigmatising' for the young person by 'equating' trans with mental health problems. Kate felt that her son was not listened to carefully: 'They [CAMHS] basically said, 'Everything that he was experiencing was because he was trans. He has self-harmed, with thoughts of suicide and, they put that all down to being trans... But he [himself] doesn't feel that it's all down to him being trans.' For Kate it was important to acknowledge and make a distinction between the things that her son was experiencing because he was trans and the 'normal teenage stuff.' She felt her son needed more support because his life was more complicated.
Whilst Lesley felt there were some supportive CAMHS professionals (such as the care coordinator) that helped her son, she felt that overall CAMHS' approach to her son's gender identity was based on the belief that her son being trans was a mental health issue. She saw that as a reflection of CAMHS' 'cisnormative' approach, an approach based on the assumption that peoples' gender identity always matches their gender assigned at birth.

Elijah talks about CAMHS being massively inundated. His daughter passed through there quite quickly.

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CAMHS, I feel for CAMHS, cos here we have a service which is massively, massively inundated. My daughter passed through there quite quickly. I think they just wanted, I think CAMHS, from their point of view is there no issue of suicide is there harm, is there danger here if there’s not, we have to concentrate on those. I understand where they’re coming from. The people there were perfectly nice, helpful and friendly. But when CAMHS found out my daughter was actually seeing an expert in the field, privately. I mean I’m in a fortunate position where I can do that – just popped out straight away at the other side of CAMHS and she’s on the waiting list now for [Gender Identity Development Services] and we’ll see what happens there.

When you say that she was popped out, was it?

Discharged.

Okay. And did they make it clear that it was because she was in a private?

No, they said it was a mixture of no particular danger and in private, yeah. Yeah.

Faced with prejudice towards trans and gender diverse people, some parents and carers we spoke to chose to challenge this. Read more about parents and carers challenging prejudice and acting as advocates for their trans and gender diverse children.

Lack of capacity in CAMHS

Not everyone we spoke to had experiences with CAMHS, but the parents who did often felt that lack of capacity and funding within the services was a key issue in their experiences. In our interviews, many parents and carers perceived CAMHS as overstretched and therefore only able to offer support to those in the most dire circumstances. Richard felt that the thresholds of who can get help from CAMHS are 'increasingly higher.' Many parents and carers felt that only children who are at high risk could access help from CAMHS: E and D emphasised young people have 'gotta be pretty suicidal to get CAMHS to take them on.' Some parents also pointed out that the lack of capacity results in long waiting times at CAMHS.

After Ali’s daughter attempted suicide, she received time-limited support from CAMHS. She felt cuts in CAMHS’ funding meant her daughter was left unsupported.

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I think the difficulty with CAMHS had been partly because we hadnt come out initially and said, This is our problem. And I think because of their cuts in funding they were under time pressure to get us through and they didnt see the necessity for keeping her on. But it was, it was difficult when we were on the waiting list without support. Just desperately wanting to go through it. And at that point she was going through puberty and that was creating an awful lot of stress. I didnt know where to go. And nor did she, obviously.

And at that point we then got the emergency appointment with CAMHS. And at the same time as our referral came through which had basically taken from the September to just on January. It was, you know, [sighs] Id already been flagging it up, which is a bit disappointing and saying how desperate we were, but hey ho [sighs]. And at CAMHS the therapist was very supportive. But I was very aware that they had a very limited timeframe and we did feel very much that we were on a programme of 12 weeks in and out, and you had to be sorted by then. She still hadnt told me at that point what the problem was. Although, I was starting to get a feel for it [sighs]. So, I had begged them, I literally had begged them to carry on keeping her, keeping her on until the next start of (school) year, because I knew trying to get her to go back into school at the start of that year would be horrendous. And they did agree but we were seeing a different therapist at that point. And I don’t know what that after, wed had various incidents where shed had actually picked her up from school to go to her therapist session and she cut herself while in the classroom. So I was trying to alert school and the school were trying to help, but there wasnt very much provision in school going back. So CAMHS eventually, just before the first therapist ended, she told me what the problem was that she was trans. And but she didnt, she couldnt get the courage up to tell the therapist. And I didnt want to circumvent how she actually felt. And eventually we managed to tell the other therapist and I knew that they were supposed to do a referral to CAMHS, not to CAMHS to the (GIDS) adolescent services, but I was told at that point that they didnt handle things like that and we were just basically cut loose and left to float.

Whilst CAMHS see young people for a variety of issues, not everyone we spoke to felt that their child's gender identity issues were something that CAMHS were willing to take on. Some parents, including Adele, thought that CAMHS did not offer support for children if their distress was seen as only related to their gender identity, as the services see it as the domain of the Gender Identity Development Service (GIDS). This can at times create a support vacuum for some young people and their families; in particular as the waiting time for the GIDS can be long too. One parent did not feel her daughter needed immediate input from CAMHS because she felt her daughter was doing fine and had no mental health issues. However, for Adele and Kate, they felt there was a lack of support from CAMHS because they wanted their children to be able to access it not just in relation to transitioning, but more generally, to be better equipped to deal with whatever happened in their life.
Even for young people who were experiencing a lot of distress, the support within CAMHS was at times limited. Ali shared that she begged CAMHS to keep supporting her daughter after a suicide attempt and self-harming incidents, but they were nonetheless 'cut loose.' She felt that was because of both lack of funding and the fact that her daughter's gender identity issues had come to the fore.
Suicidal behaviour and self-harming are issues that affect the whole family and can cause a lot of anguish to parents and carers of the young person.
You might also like to find out what parents and carers we spoke to said about supporting their trans and gender diverse children's mental health.
Learn what people we spoke to said about neurodiversity and autism.