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Experiences with private healthcare

Adults and children can access NHS specialist gender identity services free of charge. However, the waiting lists at these services may mean a long wait before a person is seen by a specialist. Similarly, cuts to funding and long waiting times for mental health services have made mental health support on the NHS limited. For these reasons, people sometimes opt to have private care, if they are able to afford the costs of this.
Some families found that their determination to access help earlier than was available in the NHS, due to excessively long waiting times, created a barrier to accessing NHS services later. The NHS could insist that after 12 months on puberty/hormone blockers the 12 month course must be repeated before gender affirming hormones could be given to the young person. In other cases, the NHS made it clear that they would not accept a young person into their service who had previously sought private care.

Josie says that she would have chosen to get private healthcare for her trans daughter if she were to do this journey’ again.

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We had [name of participant’s daughter]’s diagnosis of ADD was done privately. And that was just because wed had so much waiting around. We were just, we were just, we cant wait any longer. So, yes, but, but specifically for trans issues, no. If I had, if I was doing this journey again starting with what I know now, we would definitely have sought private healthcare, because the time when [name of participant’s daughter] was waiting on blockers and waiting for oestrogen was really harmful for her. She missed, you know, it was a really bad time. And all that she needed, all that she needed was to be on the correct treatment, that was all that she needed and as soon as she was on it she was alright. So, if wedve known then yeah, then we would have gone privately. If there had been anything that we could access of course, because that’s an issue as well now.

In our interviews, parents and carers spoke highly of the NHS as an institution, but many felt that the lack of capacity and funding meant that what their child needed was not available or was not available in a timely manner on the NHS. For example, facial feminisation surgery is not available on the NHS; Jan chose to pay for it privately for her daughter.
  • In this section, you can read about parents' and carers' experiences with private healthcare, including:
  • Deciding to access private care;
  • Managing the relationship between the private healthcare and NHS; and
  • Experiences and perceptions of private health care.

Deciding to access private care

When parents and carers we spoke to made the decision to pay for private trans healthcare for their young person, it was often because they felt their child had desperately needed it. Those who decided to pay for their child's hormone blockers, hormone therapy or surgery privately spoke about doing a lot of research and weighing all the pros and cons carefully. For example, Teresa and Andrew paid for their daughter's private counselling and hormone therapy. Andrew shared that 'we went private. We did that, because the NHS couldn't help us.' He also felt that going private has been 'a literal life saver' for his daughter and that not being able to get the therapy she needed on time 'would have been catastrophic for her mental health'. Similarly, Lesley who paid for her son to get hormone blockers via a private provider emphasised: 'I don't know what would have happened if we hadn't been in that position to be able to do that or I actually do have a fear that he probably wouldn't be here now if we hadn't accessed private treatment.'
The costs of paying to see specialists can be prohibitive for many people and not everyone we spoke to felt they could afford to go private. Ali observed: 'I had to investigate the private route, which was really very expensive, I couldnt support it.'

Andrew talks about managing his daughter’s hormone therapy with the private provider.

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Well the private GP specialist prescribes the medications. There were two. There’s a testosterone blocker which works on the brain, reduces the production of testosterone. Well, almost completely suppresses the production of testosterone, which stops male puberty. I give her an injection, intramuscular injection every three months. I email the GP specialist, they prescribe it. They send a link to the chemist who sends me a link, three days later it comes in the post. Being an ex-healthcare professional, I have no problem giving my daughter an injection. Most parents wouldn’t have a, wouldn’t be able to. I understand that completely. And I don’t know what they would do. Perhaps they would find because the GPs are unhappy to do it, because they don’t prescribe it. Why should they give it. If there’s a problem, why should they deal with that problem? So, so I don’t know how other parents would get around, who, who would, who would do the injection, I really don’t know. For us, it hasn’t been a problem, cos I do it. I used to give injections every day, in my career. Every three months we do a blood test to check on the levels of testosterone and oestrogen. She also takes an oestrogen gel now as well to encourage breast development more female shape around the hips. Yeah.

How, how has the treatment been for your daughter? How is she, how does she find it?

it’s all, the first couple of injections she didn’t look forward to very much, but she always knew that it was the only way to get what she wanted was to have these injections. So now it’s no big deal now. Yeah, easy.

Parents sometimes chose to pay for some aspects of their child's healthcare privately, whilst staying on the waiting list, or in the care of the specialist NHS gender identity services.

Ali says the NHS was going to drop us like a hot brick’ when she considered paying privately for her daughter’s hormone therapy.

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I got, really fell into the situation where I had to investigate the private route, which was really very expensive, from the point of view that I couldnt support it. And, and not particularly satisfactory, cause it’s not really available in Britain. But it’s, [sighs] it was, it was good, cause I was able to go online and find out about other people’s experiences where we had finally got a referral to the [city] Hospital to get suppressants. And, but, unfortunately by the start of those, I had given them to my daughter and said, we would try and get private hormones. What I hadnt realised, at that point is that although I contacted our GP and talked to the private supplier of the hormones and they said they were happy to do shared care. I didnt realise that the hospital didn’t do that and that they were going to drop us like a hot brick, because I wanted to, I spoke to the therapist and I wanted to talk it over I wanted to talk over at the hospital, but the therapist contacted the hospital and told them wed done this. And week or so before the hospital appointment got a notification saying they were cancelling. And I didnt know where I was or what we were doing and I begged them to let us at least come up and talk about it and I said we would drop the private hormones if that meant we were kept on. Because to have the assurance that it’s been handled by the NHS and that it’s all responsibly done and it’s responsibly sourced was such a reassuring feeling, even if we had to wait forever for it. It was, it made me happier that I was doing something safe and positive.

It’s the times on the waiting list where you don’t know what’s gonna happen. It’s the not understanding that there seems to have been a shift in, if you seek private help that you will automatically be dropped. I hadnt realised that. And I had wanted to talk over the situation and we werent given that opportunity. I had to really go out of my way to get that help and that opportunity to discuss things. And I did feel very let down in that instance and it was really letting down my daughter because if we were cut free, I had no idea as to, not no idea and I’m not decrying the private health that’s available. But, to have the NHS, to have that tried and tested assurance especially when it’s only me making decisions for my daughter and with my daughter, obviously now cause she’s 18. It helps a lot.

E and D paid for private therapy, specialist assessment and endocrinology for their adult son. They observed: 'If we were reliant totally on the NHS, I think we'd have been able to get nothing', 'we'd still be struggling'.

Ross suspects considering private care sped up the process of getting hormone therapy on the NHS for his child.

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It was a long time and as I say, it was a bit of the knife edge whether they would actually make it that far, which is why we went down the private route to try and accelerate things which I don’t know if it helped or not. I don’t know how much quicker adult GIDS reacted, because they did know that wed been to the private. They were informed, the clinic, I don’t know if theyre duty bound or whether they do it as a courtesy thing. When we arrived at [name of place] they knew that wed been to the private clinic. They had notes from the private clinic. And it did seem very fast track from that point on. It was almost like they were in competition with the private clinic. They wanted to kind of prove that the NHS was a good service and was proactive and was—cause other people we know thatve been there have been on a much longer wait to get testosterone where ours was pretty much first appointment, bang, yes you can have it. Were just waiting for the results and youll be, youll get your prescription within weeks. Whereas we know other people that have been there for months, a year at adult clinic waiting to get prescribed hormone treatment. So, I think the private clinic maybe prompted. It maybe helped it. But we don’t know for sure. It’s certainly use, I would recommend other people if their children are very, very kind of critical stage, it is an option if you go private you do get the results much quicker. I don’t think even private can do testosterone before the child is 18. But it does seem a lot smoother and quicker. It’s got, you get what you pay for kind of thing if you’re paying privately you get the attention and you get the appointments quicker, which is an overstretched NHS.

Managing the relationship between private healthcare and NHS care

Managing the relationship between a private healthcare provider and NHS could be difficult for parents. At times, parents and carers we spoke to emphasised that reconciling private healthcare with NHS care was very challenging. Some, like Ali, felt that exploring the private option for her daughter was perceived negatively by the NHS and caused the family a lot of anguish when they thought they would be dropped from the NHS endocrine clinic. However, Ross thought that discussing private healthcare options accelerated the process of getting hormones for his child on the NHS. He shared that he: 'Went to the NHS appointment and the NHS said, cancel the private appointment, because we will guarantee that youll start testosterone on the NHS.'

Oonagh says she would prefer to stay in the NHS, and that ‘keeping it slow’ was the better option, leading to a more professional’ assessment, but is also keeping her eye on private options for her daughter.

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I’m keeping my eye on things. I’m keeping my eye on what is available and the options that are out there. And if I felt – Ive thought about this – if we were at GIDS and they were putting us on hold and I could see that see the [name of participant’s child] was suffering and her mental health is deteriorating and they were maybe saying, we’ got to wait a bit longer. She cant go on puberty blocker or whatever. We need to wai and then she was, I could see that she was suffering, I would be really tempted to try and go elsewhere to help to get her the help she needed. Id prefer to stay in the NHS if I could if she was getting the right support and I feel like possibly we are gonna get the right support for her, because were in the system soon enough. But if, I can see other families in the situations where I definitely would go private, because theyre just not getting the support they need at the time they need it. I know of the Gender GPs and all the controversy around that. So I am aware of all the things that are going on with that. And then Ive seen stories of teenagers that have gone down that route. But it just depends on the child and what happens, what age they are.

At times, private healthcare recommendations could also clash with NHS advice. Lesley shared that CAMHS, who were looking after her son as an inpatient when his mental health deteriorated, tried to stop his hormone therapy: 'I think the inpatient unit had had a conversation with GIDS, they obviously were very disparaging about the independent provider, and they were gonna try to stop [his hormone therapy] altogether,They assumed that the assessment we'd had [from the independent provider] was not thorough enough, even though they hadn't even asked me about the details of what they'd uncovered in the assessment. They just made that assumption.'
Trying to move parts of a young person's care into the NHS from a private provider is not always possible. However, the alternative of seeing specialists and paying for medication privately over several years is costly. Teresa and Andrew paid for a private specialist to prescribe testosterone blockers and oestrogen for their daughter to 'pause puberty' and were disappointed to find out that the NHS would not take over the prescribing until she is an adult.
Parents and carers who got private healthcare, often did so to affirm their child's gender identity and expression. However, this was not the case for everyone. One parent said they chose to opt for a private therapist for his daughter while on the waiting list for GIDS because, 'that particular therapist is a non-affirming therapist, which is important for me.' Elijah felt that this was important because they questioned their child's gender identity and did not want affirmative care for them.It is important to note that parental support and acceptance are key to the wellbeing and mental health of young trans and gender diverse people and so is access to timely care. Denial and delaying of care cause harm.*

Experiences and perceptions of private health care

The parents and carers whose children had been looked after by private providers spoke highly of the care they received. For example, Jan said it was a good experience and that being able to access trans specific care sooner made her daughter feel 'like something was actually being done.'
Still, some people we interviewed had a strong preference for the NHS and did not have the same confidence in private providers when it came to their children's trans care. Leigh felt that the private route was too quick and said that with her 'child being looked after, he hasnt got the option of going through private care, Its never been an option for my lad. Saying that, even if it had, I dont think I would have accessed it, because I think having that extra time and taking it slow has been the right thing.' Kate stressed that she was very keen for her son to get assessed within the NHS. She emphasised that she wanted 'that impartial assessment and, the pathway mapped out a little bit for us by that kind of professional.' At the same time, she did not exclude the possibility of going private in the future; she shared 'I want to start it in that way and then if we can afford to pay to hurry some things up then, then maybe we will try and do that.'
In our interviews, parents of younger children like for example Oonagh and another parent admitted that they kept their options open and kept themselves informed about what was out there in terms of private care for their trans or gender diverse child. Whilst they stressed they would prefer for their child to be looked after by the NHS, they also said they were willing to go private, or even overseas to access the care their child needed.
Learn more about finding information on trans healthcare.
* See for example:
Puckett, J. A., Matsuno, E., Dyar, C., Mustanski, B., & Newcomb, M. E. (2019). Mental health and resilience in transgender individuals: What type of support makes a difference? Journal of Family Psychology 33(8).
Simons, L., Schrager, S. M., Clark, L. F., Belzer, M., & Olson, J. (2013). Parental support and mental health among transgender adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 53(6).
Priest, M. (2019) Transgender Children and the Right to Transition: Medical Ethics When Parents Mean Well but Cause Harm, The American Journal of Bioethics, 19(2).